Understanding RoHS on a Global Scale

A guide to global RoHS compliance

Download the e-book for a clear, practical roadmap to managing RoHS requirements across global markets.

Learn how RoHS programs differ in the EU, UK, China, and beyond. This e-book breaks down restricted substances, exemption structures, labeling rules, and compliance workflows so you can understand applicability and pinpoint your obligations with confidence. It covers the most common challenges companies face when managing multiple RoHS programs and how centralized systems, stronger supplier engagement, and expert-guided automation can simplify global compliance.

Introduction

Electrical and electronic equipment, while essential in everyday life, generate a staggering amount of waste each year. These products contain toxic substances that harm human health, animals, and the environment. As a result, many countries worldwide have implemented RoHS programs to minimize hazardous waste generation.

The European Union’s RoHS directive was the first RoHS program introduced to the global market in 2002, but RoHS programs have rapidly expanded since then and are expected to continue growing over time. Understanding RoHS compliance is critical for actors within the supply chain—particularly manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and importers—to avoid disruptions and legal consequences.

Global RoHS compliance explained

What is Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) compliance? 

RoHS is a set of laws that restrict the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products above specific concentrations. While the EU was the first to introduce its RoHS program, RoHS now extends far beyond Europe with active programs in several countries worldwide. This growth is expected to continue with more countries implementing RoHS requirements as the quantity of hazardous electronic waste increases and the dangers of these substances become more widely known. 

Which substances are restricted under RoHS? 

In general, RoHS programs target hazardous compounds typically found in electronics and electrical equipment. This includes heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium, as well as specific classes of compounds often found in plastics. Both categories are known to be harmful to humans, and many substances within those categories are banned from use in other types of products, such as house paint, children’s toys, and food ware.  

For example, lead used to be a common ingredient in house paint, yet it was banned in the U.S. in 1978 after it was linked to significant health concerns for children. However, lead and other regulated substances are key components of electronics, so RoHS restricts the use of certain compounds rather than banning them. 

Which companies are obligated to comply with RoHS? 

Given that each country with a RoHS program has its own requirements, the scope of companies with compliance obligations varies between countries. Generally, companies that manufacture, import, distribute, or sell electronics and electrical equipment can be subject to RoHS obligations. Additionally, RoHS programs often extend beyond finished products to include parts, components, and accessories. Companies must check for RoHS requirements within each country they operate in to confirm their obligations. 

Examples of global RoHS compliance programs 

While RoHS policies exist on a global scale, and obligation requirements vary by country, the European Union (EU), United Kingdom (UK), and China are often the primary influencers in the development of RoHS in new countries, making them great examples for understanding how RoHS differs around the world. Let’s explore the RoHS policies and compliance obligations of the EU, UK, and China in further detail.  

Keep reading: Download the e-book